2.1 "Terra de Barroso" a low-density territory

The territorial construction of Portugal is not homogeneous. Two types of territories are mentioned by ^{Pecqueur (2000}), a political-administrative and a space-territory. According to ^{Oliveira Jorge, V. (2005}) space-territory is understood as the space produced and appropriated by society, composed by natural and cultural objects interrelation. Space is where the human memory is settled, having a relationship with the people who inhabit it. Geographic space is the continuous result of socio-spatial relations that can be economic (relationship between society and economy), political (society-state relationship) and symbolic-cultural relations (imaginary society-space relationship). The driving forces of these relations (Lefebvre, 1991) are the human action and its spatial practices. Within space-territory we find: Landscape, places, territory, regions, society, and nature. The landscape involves sociocultural elements resulting from historical, cultural, emotional, physical, and natural dynamics. Places are linked to the cultural dimension and are strongly related to space identity and affectivity between individuals. Territory is temporary and modifiable, resulting from historical and geographical division process and associated with geographic borders. ^{Demangeon (1982}) considers the Human Geography studies a "relation of the human groups with the geographical environment". ^{Moreira (1982}) understands geographic space as a structure of relations under social determination.

According to Figure 1, Boticas is located in the North (NUTS II) Region, in the Sub-region (NUTS III) Alto Trás-os-Montes, belonging to the Alto Tâmega Intermunicipal Community (CIM) (includes the municipalities of Boticas, Chaves, Montalegre, Ribeira de Pena, Valpaços, and Vila Pouca de Aguiar). Boticas territory is part of Barroso land created in 1836. Boticas is in the west and northwest part of Montalegre, borders Chaves in east, Vila Pouca de Aguiar in the southeast, Ribeira de Pena in the south, and Cabeceiras de Basto in the southwest. Boticas is surrounded by Cenabria, Larouco, Gerês, Cabreira and Marão mountains and has several villages such as: Alturas do Barroso; Ardãos; Beça; Bobadela; Boticas; Cerdedo; Codessoso; Covas do Barroso; Curros; Dornelas; Fiães do Tâmega; Granja; Pinho; São Salvador de Viveiro; Sapiãos; Vilar.

Source: The author, based on CAOP, version 2013

Figure 1 Location of Boticas  

The North region (NUT II) has 35% (3 696 762 inhabitants) of the national population (10,562,178), with an unequal distribution as shown in Table 1 and Table 2. Two-thirds of the national territory, is defined as Low Density, with inevitable effects: physical desertification caused by land and productive abandonment; economic weakening; high cost of infrastructures and equipment; reduction of key public services; and degradation of life conditions and opportunities.

Low density territories or "demographic winter" as ^{Moutinho and Manso (2015}) put it is not only related to demographic dynamics, but it involves also economic and social aspects.

Low density territories in Portugal, are more than 80% of the continental territory, concentrating less than 50% of the population, 21% of whom are 65 years or older. ^{Silva and Chamusca, (2010}) argued that low density territories are more dependent on external resources, because of traditional sectors specialization, hindering modernization and soft competitiveness.

The Alto Tâmega region, integrating the Barroso land, a low-density territory, has 94 143 inhabitants (3% of the population of the North of Portugal). The municipality of Boticas has 321.96 km ² of area and a continuous decline in the population from 1864 to 2011 (5 750 inhabitants in 2011), (Graphic 1).

Source: The author, based on INE data (2012) - Census of 2011 - total population

Graphic 1 Boticas - Population development from 1864 to 2011 

Due to its geographical location and difficult access, Boticas is a remote region undergoing depopulation, with a low population density and high percentage of aged population (Table 2). The above information is corroborated by the Territorial Development Strategy for Alto Tâmega document (p.24). "Alto Tâmega has faced, in recent years, a gradual and relatively sharp decline in the number of residents in its six municipalities: in a period of ten years, it lost 11% of its population". The strong aging trend is presented in Graphic 2.

Source: The author, based on INE data (2012) - Census of 2011 - total population

Graphic 2 Boticas - Population age structure from 1900 to 2011 

The present situation, according to Alto Tâmega Territorial Development Integrated Strategy (p. 26) "... population presents low levels of training and qualification when compared to the national reality: more than half of the population has no education". This scenario reflects the region's inability to retain qualified employees.

2.2 Boticas Wine activities

Wine is one of the agricultural product with higher mobility and expansion capacity throughout history, being present in all the continents (^{Carlan, 2012}, p.85). Leisure time associated with wine sociability is not a recent phenomenon. The Romans became interested in wine around 200 BC. Some rich Romans owned villas where they grew vines and produced small quantities of wine for self-consumption and drinking with their friends (Johnson, 1989). The social, cultural, and religious importance of drinking wine is more intense in the Greek world than in the Roman world (^{Montanari, 2008}, pp. 91-92).

The vine cultivation and wine production in Trás-os-Montes Region has a secular origin, from Roman and Pre-Roman origin, as archaeological remains show. Trás-os-Mon-

tes region has several microclimates, different types of soils (granitic with shale outcrops) and a great adaptability of grape varieties, allowing singular wines.

These geographical differences make possible to define three sub regions for the production of quality wines entitled Trás-os-Montes Denomination of Origin (DO). The most important red varieties of this region are Trincadeira, Bastardo, Marufo, Tinta Roriz, Touriga Nacional, and Touriga Franca, and the most planted white varieties are Syria, Fernão Pires, Gouveio, Malvasia Fina, Rabigato and Viosinho.

Trás-os-Montes Denomination of Origin (DO) was recognized in November 9, 2006 (Ordinance No. 1204 / 2006) including three sub-regions, Chaves, Valpaços and Planalto Mirandês, all of which are listed in Figure 4. The rest of the territory is considered as a Protected Geographical Indication (PGI), wherein the Wine of the Dead is integrated. The control and defense of the Denomination of Origin and Geographical Indication are the Trás-os-Montes Regional Wine Commission (CVVTM) responsibility (created in 1997). Currently 94 producers contribute with an annual volume of 3 million liters of certified wine.

Source: Anuário do IVV 2011 in http://www.vinetowinecircle.com/regioes/transmontano/

Figure 2 Geographical Indication and Denominations of Origin - Trás-os-Montes Wine Region 

Source: ^{Oliveira, A., Arinda Rodrigues, A., & Cantanhede, F. (2005})

Figure 3 French Invasions Map  

Source: http://cimat.pt/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/mapa.jpg

Figure 4 Accessibility to Boticas  

Exploring briefly each DO subregion and according to CVVTM information, the subregion of Chaves, is situated on the slopes of small valleys, running toward the valley of the Tâmega River. In this subregion, the soils are essentially granite, the altitude is around 350 to 400 m, with high relative humidity levels and it includes Anelhe, Arcossó, Bustelo, Calvão, Cela, Curalha, Eiras, Ervededo, Faiões, Lama de Arcos, Loivos, Madalena, Oura, Outeiro Seco, Póvoa de Agrações, Redondelo, Samaiões, Sanjurge, Santa Cruz/Trindade, Santa Maria Maior, Santo António de Monforte, Santo Estêvão, São Pedro de Agostém, Seara Velha Selhariz, Soutelinho da Raia, Soutelo, Vale de Anta, Vidago, Vila Verde de Raia, Vilar de Nantes, Vilarelho da Raia, Vilarinho das Paranheiras, Vilas Boas, Vilela do Tâmega e Vilela Seca), Vila Pouca de Aguiar (parishes of Capeludos and Valoura).

Valpaços subregion is in the center of Terra Quente Transmontana heart. The soils present significant differences, specially granite soils, the altitude is around 450 to 650 m, with higher temperatures during summer and lower values of relative humidity, as well as lower values of rainfall in winter. Valpaços subregion includes parishes from the municipalities of Macedo de Cavaleiros (Arcas, Cortiços, Lamalonga, Sesulfe, and Vilarinho de Agrochão), of Mirandela (Abambres, Aguieiras, Alvites, Avantos, Bouça, Cabanelas, Carvalhais, Fradizela, Franco, Lamas de Orelhão, Múrias, Mascarenhas, Mirandela, Passos, São Pedro Velho, São Salvador, Suçães, Torre de D. Chama, Vale de Gouvinhas, Vale de Salgueiro and Vale de Telhas), of Murça (Jou), of Valpaços (Água Revés e Castro, Ageriz, Barreiros, Bouçoães, Canaveses, Carrazedo de Montenegro, Ervões, Fornos do Pinhal, Possacos, Rio Torto, Sanfins, Santa Maria de Emeres, Santa Valha, São Pedro de Veiga de Lila, Sonim, Vales, Valpaços, Vassal, Veiga de Lila, and Vilarandelo), and of Vinhais (Agrochão, Ervedosa, Rebordelo, Vale das Fontes, and Vale de Janeiro).

Miranda subregion is located in the southeast of the Trás-os-Montes region, with Douro River influencing the vine plants. The soils are essentially schist, the altitude is around 350 to 600 m, covering Miranda do Douro, Mogadouro, Vimioso, Freixo de Espada à Cinta (Fornos and Lagoaça), Torre de Moncorvo (Carviçais, Felgar, Felgueiras, Larinho, Maçores, Mós and Souto da Velha, excluding areas belonging to the Douro Region).

Transmontano Geographical Identification was recognized on November 9, 2006 (Decree No. 1203/2006). The "Wine of the Dead" is included in this denomination, and can be produced throughout the Region. The municipality built the Repository of the Wine of the Dead, in Granja, aiming at the promotion, dissemination, observation, and preservation of this wine, thus boosting its production and sale. The Cooperativa Agrícola de Boticas (CAPOLIB) is the holder of the patent for the "Wine of the Dead" and Mr. Armindo Pereira, the sole "official" producer of this wine.

2.3 The Wine of the Dead, genesis and other practices

Between 1807 and 1811, occurred three invasions of Portugal (^{Hobsbawn, E., 1977} and 1996, ^{Silva, J., 2012}), known as French Invasions, led by General Junot, Marshal Soult, and Marshal Massena, respectively, as observed in Figure 3.

With the first French invasion in 1807, Junot (the French commander) started in Alcântara (Spain) in direction to Lisbon, through Idanha-a-nova, Castelo Branco, and Abrantes. There was no Portuguese military force to oppose the French army, but on the contrary there was a powerful diplomatic representation aiming to delay their advance to Lisbon, enabling the royal family to escape.

The royal family went to Brazil avoiding the loss of Portugal's independence. Junot dissolved the regency board and ruled Portugal in Napoleon's name. The country was left without a Portuguese monarch, and the whole country was marked by death, pillaging and fighting. The Napoleonic troops left in the country a trail of destruction, killed many people, burned down houses, and devastated cultures.

According to Oliveira Marques, a Portuguese historian, "Four years of war left the country in misery. French invasions and occupation devastated Portugal. Agriculture, industry and commerce were deeply affected, not to mention the loss of lives... and the monasteries, palaces and even humble houses were pillaged". French soldiers and commanders followed Napoleon's maxim "the war must sustain the war" pillaging, sometimes for personal gain and others for the survival of the army. Portuguese population reacted against the invader, with popular resistance movements. In 1808 an English army, led by Arthur Wellesley, landed near Figueira da Foz and, joining the Portuguese army, defeated the French in the Battles of Roliça and Vimeiro.

Napoleon did not give up conquering Portugal and then, still in March 1809 Marshal Soult entered in Portugal from the north of the country. The Second French invasion entered in Portugal by Chaves, commanded by General Soult. From the Chaves border, they continued the invasion, passing through Sapiãos, Boticas, Couto Dornelas, pursuing their objectives by the shortest route to Oporto city. During the second French invasion, the property was destroyed and pillaged. Trying to defend its patrimony, the people of Boticas decided to hide the most precious assets, such as wine, burying the bottles in the floors, thus originating the 'Wine of the Dead'. So, it was the Second French invasion that gave rise to a true ex libris of Boticas - the 'Wine of the Dead'. This wine is therefore the symbol of a war of subsistence, not only material and economic, but also moral.

The third French invasion happened in July 1810. General Massena and his army, entered in Portugal by the Almeida border, in Beira Alta and went to Lisbon where they were defeated in the Battle of Buçaco. However, they continued toward the capital, but were detained in the Linhas de Torres. Defeated, the French were forced to leave definitively Portugal in March 1811.

After the French expulsion, the inhabitants recovered their houses and the remaining assets. In Boticas, when they dug up the "wine of the dead" they thought it was ruined. However, they discovered with pleasure that it was much tastier because it had acquired new properties. It was a wine with 10/ 11 degrees of alcohol content, light-red colored, with some natural gas, which resulted from the fact that it had produced fermentation in the dark at constant temperature.

In the twenty-first century, the legend, tradition and conservation process of the "Wine of the Dead" is perpetuated with pride and this intangible heritage of Boticas is spread throughout the world, by the winemaker Mr. Armindo Sousa Pereira. He is the only producer officially registered to commercialize the "Wine of the Dead". The 2013 harvest was 6,500 bottles which were sold across the country and carried "across the borders" by emigrants and tourists passing through Trás-os-Montes. According to the newspaper Diário de Notícias of October 14, 2013, Mr. Pereira states "not selling abroad, my objective is to attract the curious and, thus, boost the local economy."

This tradition of the "Wine of the Dead" was replicated in Brazil, in the Quinta do Olivardo winery, in São Roque, SP, as reported by Sorocaba and Jundiaí on 05/21/2016 (http://g1.globo.com/sao -paulo / sorocaba-jundiai / news / 2016/05 / tradition-of-wine-of-the-dead-and-attraction-of-sabado-em-sao-roque.html) and the Sabores newspaper of May 5, 2016.

2.4 "Water Wine" another buried wine practice

"Water Wine" is an innovative practice of burying wine done by ​​a wine producer in Alentejo. Thirty thousand bottles of red wine Conde D'Ervideira Reserva Tinto 2014 (a blend produced from the selections of the best varieties of the Touriga Nacional, Aragonez, Tinta Caiada, Alicante Bouschet and Cabernet Sauvignon and Castor) was buried in the Alqueva waters. The technique of submerging bottles is ancient, dating from the time of the Discoveries, when the boats and ships in which they were transported sunk. As reported by the news agency Lusa on October 2015, the sealed bottles and packed in large boxes, were put on water aging for eight months (to a depth of 15 or 17 meters and a constant temperature of 17 degrees). This process gives wine an extraordinary noble maturity, exuberant and round in terms of tannins. According to online magazine, Dinheiro Vivo, in www.Dinheirovivo.pt/topico/vinhos/ from February 2, 2016 "Alentejo wine producer bet on Water Wine, and recorded a 20% increase in sales, compared to 2014". Hence, this innovative process sparked the consumers' curiosity to the advantage of the organization.

3.2 Wine Culture

Wine is part of cultural heritage linked to history and have been an essential element for economic, social, and cultural development in different wine-growing regions. Wine culture has grown as a part of life, culture, sociability, and diet since time immemorial. As a cultural symbol, the importance of wine has changed over time, from a crucial source of nutrition to a cultural element, compatible with a healthy lifestyle.

Promoting the Culture of Wine means spreading regional authenticity and promote a product strongly linked to gastronomy, the pleasures of taste, and the cultural heritage of the territory. According to Deloitte European Enotourism Handbook - Vintur Project (2005, p.4) "Without wine culture, wine tourism does not exist. The oenological-cultural value defines the weight of the wine element as an axis of the tourist experience ". As stated by ^{Santos and Cunha (2008}), wines regions have a strong association with territory, having the capacity to promote the integration of tourism, products, and local development.

3.3 Tourism

^{Goeldner and Ritchie (2006}) argue that the tourism ecosystem involves organizations/ industries/ activities networks, connecting various types of actors with different values, roles, interests, capabilities, practices, and a diversity of resources. What factors can affect a memorable experience? ^{Williams (2001}, p.9) considers wine tourism as "a series of unique experiences, linked with regional environment, atmosphere, landscape, regional culture, and gastronomy."

The great challenge for managers is creating unique experiences in order to gain loyal visitors (^{Cole & Chancellor, 2009}, ^{Saayman & van der Merwe, 2014}). If tourism is "experience", ^{Urry (1999}) and ^{Cooper and Hall (2008}) consider wine tourism as a "total experience", because it includes a set of endogenous (tangible and intangible) resources, regional attractions, and local symbolic images and values. ^{Kastenholz, et al. (2014}) considers that experience contexts should be adapted to the heterogeneous desires of the customers and markets. Kastenholz, et al. (2014) argues that Enotourism activity has contributed to the development and maintenance of traditional economic activities and to the benefit of local and regional producers.

According to TP Tourism Portugal (2015, p.27), wine tourism is a very young business in Portugal. The study revealed that 51% of entrepreneurs started their activities in the 2000s and 27% begun their activity in 2010-2013. Wine tourism is also a complementary activity to wine production, since 50% the entrepreneurs are wine producers, 14% exploit viticulture and 7% tourism in rural areas. From the perspective of demand, 24% of tourists have Enotourism as their main traveling purpose (TP, 2015), to have the following experiences: i) wine tasting; ii) wine purchase; iii) wineries and vineyards visiting; iv) learning about the local landscape, communities, and wineries owners; v) discover the cultural heritage; vi) and understand the region landscape.

3.4 Policy

To ensure the success of the three enunciated pillars, the wine tourism ecosystem must be based on tourism policies. ^{Chuck (1997}) defines policy as a high-level plan that includes goals and procedures generally found in formal statements such as laws and official documents. In Portugal, the PENT [National Strategic Tourism Plan (TP 2013, p.18)] emphasized wine and tourism industries, warning for a diversified experience grounded on regional identity and local endogenous resources.

The European wine tourism policies must comply with the heritage policies such as the European Landscape Convention (Decree No 4/2005 - European Landscape Convention, signed in Florence on 20 October 2000). According to the ELC, all stakeholders in the wine tourism territory should achieve the following objectives: i) to recognize landscapes as essential components of people's environment, expression of the diversity of their cultural and natural heritage and the basics of their identity; ii) to establish participation procedures for the general public, local and regional authorities and other stakeholders in order to define and implement landscape policies; iii) to integrate the landscape into regional and urban planning policies and also in cultural, environmental, agricultural, social and economic policies, as well as in any other policies with a direct or indirect landscape impact.

In this sense, the territorial development is possible if it considers the endogenous attributes of each territory - cultural, environmental, landscape, infrastructure, or demography. According to ^{Kuper (1999}), different cultures are socially transmitted and reflect a set of ideas and values. ^{Brunet (1990}) argues that in the space-territory social relations between local actors give rise to a sense of belonging in the constructed identity. ^{Sabourin (2002}) defines local attributes as a joined and negotiated appreciation of the regional potential. Jollivet (1984) considers that local and external interactions have the power to manifest itself permanently from the collective memory.

But local culture remains important in the formation of the territory identity giving the tourism sector specific contours. Tourism is today the most important activity on a global scale with a strong cultural dimension. This implies that policies must be seen in an integrated way, considering the needs and potential of each territory (^{Matos, 2013}).

The National Tourism Policy (PENT) established "strong regional policies" integrating in a coherent way the local differences and diversities. Tourism diagnosis must consider policies and strategic lines in harmony with international organizations such as the World Tourism Organization and the European Commission (tourism area). At national and regional levels, tourism authorities involve the Secretary of State for Tourism, the Turismo de Portugal (Tourism Portugal), the Commission for Coordination and Regional Development of the North (CCDR Norte) and the municipality of Boticas. This region has great territorial diversity integrating different natural and cultural landscapes with potential for different tourism uses.

4.2 Six A's Buhalis model

The second methodological axis encompasses the 6 A's Buhalis Models aiming to list the endogenous resources in Boticas, in order to transform the 'Wine of the Dead' as a wine tourism attraction and sustainable development driver of the territory. From the perspective of tourism, the main identity attributes that can transform the 'Wine of the Dead´ into a unique tourist event and of safeguarding the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Boticas have been approached in an integrated way, guaranteeing the preservation of this process so that it does not depend only on the memory of the people and remain accessible to future generations.

The ^{Buhalis's 6 A's model (2003}) allows to list territory endogenous resources and discover the sustainable development drivers, such as: 1. Attractions (natural or artificial), 2. Accessibility (transportation system), 3. Amenities (retailing and other tourism services), 4. Accommodation, 5. Available Packages (Tourist packages), and 6. Ancillary services (banks, telecommunications, etc...). To support wine tourism proposals it will be important to consider the demand profile, build conditions for experience value creation, involve the community in the transmission of their cultural values and implement planning policies to ensure heritage memory and tourism sustainability.

4.2.1 Attractions

Without being exhaustive, the Boticas endogenous gastronomic resources are several: Protected Origin (PDO) products: Barroso Honey and Barrosã Meat and Products with Geographical Indication (IG): Boticas Fumeiro and Bakery IG.

Natural endogenous resources: Natural Heritage: Boticas Parque - Nature and Biodiversity (http://www.boticasparque.pt/dados.php?ref=apresentacao-parque) that covers Vilar, Codessoso and Beça. The fast connection to the A24 highway gives good accessibility, both in Spain (Galicia) and in the North of Portugal. The Park is crossed by the Beça River, which presents a vast riparian forest.

Cultural Endogenous Resources - Cultural Heritage (tangible and intangible): "Wine of the Dead" Historical repository (https://www.cm-boticas.pt/conteudos/default.php?id=1), Rural Museum of Boticas (https : //www.cm-boticas.pt/conteudos/default.php? Id = 2), Nadir Afonso Arts Center; The Interpretation Center of the PAVT - Archeological Park of Vale do Terva - Bobadela - Boticas (it is located in the village of Bobadela - Boticas and serves as a place of knowledge, providing a permanent exhibition characterizing the PAVT territory, that will allow the discovery of the cultural landscape of the upper valley of Terva River). This territory possesses a vast heritage, enriched by a great variety of archeologic findings from the Castros of Boticas.

Built Heritage - Communal ovens of Alturas do Barroso, Atilhó, Vilarinho Seco; Cruises, mills, chapels [Nossa Sra. de Fátima (Alturas do Barroso); Sampaio (Vilarinho Seco); Santa Margarida (Atilhó) chapels]; Santa Maria Madalena (Alturas do Barroso) church; sundial (Vilarinho Seco; etc.).

Archeological heritage - 24 castros were identified in Boticas territory, all near a river or stream, and often at the confluence of water courses" (Santos Júnior et al., 1983: 402): Castro de Vilarinho Seco / Mena / Couto ou Côto dos Mouros (in Vilarinho Seco); Castro do Côto dos Corvos (in Alturas do Barroso); Castro de Cunhas (in Ardãos); Castro da Gorda or Castro da Murada da Gorda (in Ardãos); Castro da Malhó or Amalhó (in Ardãos); Castro de Carvalhelhos (Classified Heritage - IIP) in Carvalhelhos (Beça); Castro da Torre or Torre de Seirrãos in Seirrãos (Beça); Castro do Brejo or Cidadonha, in Bobadela; Castro de Nogueira in Nogueira (Bobadela); Castro do Alto da Coroa / Castro da Naia / Rio Mau, in Codessoso; Castro do Poio, in Covas do Barroso; Castro de Ervas Ruivas / Areais, in Lousas (Dornelas); Castro de Gestosa or Souto da Lama, in Gestosa (Dornelas); Castro do Cabeço in Granja; Castro do Mouril, in Pinho; Castro do Lesenho in Campos (S. Salvador de Viveiro); Castro do Muro / Casas dos Mouros in Sapiãos; Castro do Muro or Cerca, in Sapelos (Sapiãos); Castro de Sapelos (Sapiãos); Alto do Crasto / Castelo dos Mouros, in Vilar; Mamoa da Pedra do Sono / Pedra do Sono; Mamoa de Chã do Seixal / Chã do Seixal; Calçada Romana / Via; (...)

Festivals and Pilgrimages: S. Sebastião, Alturas do Barroso and Atilhó; Santa Cruz, Vilarinho Seco; Sto António, Alturas do Barroso and Atilhó; Santa Maria Madalena Alturas do Barroso; S. Paio, Vilarinho Seco; Santa Ana, Alturas do Barroso; Santa Margarida, Atilhó; Santa Bárbara, Atilhó; Santa Luzia, Atilhó; Santo André, and Nossa Sra. das Neves, Ardãos.

4.2.2 Accessibility

Boticas is served by a road network with three highways (A23, A52, and A47), which makes easy the North and Spanish access (between 1 and 2.5 hours), as observed In Figure 6.

4.2.3 Amenities

Boticas territory has a set of amenities such as public toilets, signage, traditional products stores, restaurants and cafes, tourist offices, accessible telecommunications, emergency services, among others, distributed unevenly by the villages in the region. Boticas is famous for its gastronomy, especially for "Barrosã" veal, but also for the famous "wine of the dead", which has been known since the time of the French invasions.

4.2.4 Accommodation

Boticas territory has several accommodation units (1 hostel, 1 inn, 3 rural tourism, 2 residential, 1 camping park, 4 mountain shelters), trying to respond to the different types of tourism with special focus on mountain tourism, health tourism, rural tourism and ecotourism, which in recent years have seen an increasing demand.

4.2.5 Available Packages

Available packages in the internet, such as: minube (http://www.minube.pt/o-que-ver/portugal/norte/boticas); TripAdvisor (https://www.tripadvisor.pt/Attractions-g2199643-Activities-Boticas_Vila_Real_District_Northern_Portu gal.html); Guia da cidade (https://www.guiada cidade.pt/pt/poi-boticas-15815); hotelriobeca (http://www.hotelriobeca.com/wp-content/uploads /2013/09/Visitar-no-Concelho-de-Boticas.pdf); visitarportugal (https://www.visitarportugal.pt/ distritos/d-vila-real/c-boticas); IGOGO (http://www.igogo.pt/pontos-turisticos-boticas/), among others.

4.2.6 Ancillary Services

Boticas, especially in urban centers has some services that can make life easier for tourists, such as car rental companies, catering companies, entertainment: bars, nightclubs, exchange services, insurance, laundry service and tourism marketing services. This model explains that a destination should balance the strategic objectives of all stakeholders, as well as the sustainability of local resources. Destinations need to differentiate their products and develop partnerships between the public and private sectors in order to offer a unique tourism experience. Taking advantage of the unique endogenous resources, such as "Wine of the Dead" wine tourism experience, Boticas allows that territory to increase its competitiveness, visibility, and reinforcing local cooperation.

Today's destinations operate in complex ecosystems, integrating competition and cooperation (coopetition) strategies, linking a great diversity of stakeholders. The coopetition approach to wine tourism is considered an appropriate strategy, allowing the integration of the primary (agriculture), secondary (wine industry) and tertiary (tourism) sectors, adding cultural landscape attributes and stakeholder synergies. The success of Boticas wine tourism ecosystem lies in stakeholders' harmony, in innovative tourism experiences (to obtain business competitiveness) that promote the discovery and landscape interpretation associated with wine culture (to deliver authenticity), and foster regional development (to build sustainability).